Cayenne

Cayenne takes its name from the city and capital of French Guiana on the northeastern coast of South America - though the pepper's origins almost certainly predate European arrival. The Tupi people of the Amazon basin had cultivated similar long-pod chillies for centuries, and "Cayenne" became the European name for the type after French colonial trade routed the pepper through that port. By the 17th century, dried and ground Cayenne powder was being shipped from French Guiana to Europe, where it became the standard "hot pepper" for several centuries - so much so that "cayenne" became a generic term for any ground hot chilli powder, much as "kleenex" became generic for tissue. Most cayenne powder sold today contains a blend of varieties, not necessarily the De Cayenne cultivar specifically. The variety has been a workhorse of global cuisine for centuries. It's the heat in Louisiana hot sauces, the warmth in Indian curries before bird's-eye varieties dominated, and the basis of countless spice rubs and dry blends. Its thin walls and abundant flesh-to-water ratio make it ideal for drying - the property that earned it commercial dominance in the spice trade.